Beschreibung
Dieses Package ist eine Sammlung diverser
CGI-Programme, um dem Administrator einer Linuxmaschine das Leben zu erleichtern.
Alle Scripts sind Shell-Scripts. Das heisst, dass sie nicht besonders schnell
sind und durchaus auch einiges hätte anders gemacht werden können.
Wenn jemand Interesse hat, die Scripte umzuschreiben, z.B. nach Perl, dann
habe ich da natürlich nichts dagegen!
Die Scripte unterliegen der GPL, sie sind
also frei kopierbar und modifizierbar. Das copyright liegt allerdings bei
mir. Wenn jemand die Scripte modifiziert, wäre ich über eine
kurze Info dankbar: tom@daemon.de .
Die komplette GPL ist am Ende dieser Datei angehängt.
Zu den Scripten selbst: Man kann User
anlegen, löschen, bearbeiten, in eine mailingliste aufnehmen, und
dergleichen mehr. Genauere Beschreibung der einzelnen Funktionen weiter
unten.
Ausserdem wird automatisch ein Backup
aller beteiligten Dateien erstellt und das modify, bzw das deluser Script
wird gelockt, während jemand das Programm ausführt. Damit wird
vermieden, dass Inkonsistenzen durch gleichzeitige Benutzung auftreten.
Noch ein Hinweis: Bitte lies diese Doku
sehr sorgfältig, bevor Du die Scripte installierst und damit arbeitest!
Am Besten ist es, wenn Du mit der Installation fertig bist, dass Du die
Doku noch einmal liesst.
Installation
Entpacke das Archiv mit folgendem Befehl:
gzip -cd admin-cgi.tar.gz | tar xf -
Dadurch wird in dem Verzeichniss, in dem
Du Dich befindest, ein neues Verzeichniss namens admin-cgi erstellt,
in dem sich alle benötigten Dateien befinden.
Folgende Dateien sind das im einzelnen:
-
display.cgi - Hauptscript, zeigt die
aktuell in passwd vorhandenen user an
-
edit.cgi - damit kann man die Eigenschaften
eines Users bearbeiten
-
chpasswd.cgi - ändet das Passwort
eines Users
-
newuser.cgi - Erstellt einen neuen
User
-
modify.cgi - wird von obigen Scripts
aufgerufen, macht die eigentliche Arbeit
-
modifi_min.cgi - wie oben, nur ohne
Aliases und List Bearbeitung
-
deluser.cgi - löscht einen user
(!)
-
deluser_min.cgi - wie oben, nur ohne
Aliases und List Bearbeitung
-
showfiles.cgi - Zeigt die Konfigfiles
an, wie sie momentan aussehen (ist für Debugging-Zwecke eingebaut)
-
showlistmembers.cgi - zeigt die in
einer mailingliste eingetragenen User an
-
showconfig.cgi - zeigt die aktuelle
Konfiguration der Admin CGI Package an
-
showdocu.cgi - zeigt diese Doku hier
an
-
config.sh - Konfigurationsdatei für
Admin CGI
-
mkpasswd.c++ - Programm zum Verschlüsseln
von Passwörtern
-
proccgi.c - Programm zum parsen der
CGI Ausgaben (von Frank
Pilhofer)
-
create_login.cgi - Erzeugt einen Login
für HTACCESS-Authentication (ist im Apache eingebaut)
Nachdem Du die Dateien entpackt hast,
musst Du die mitgelieferten C/C++ Programme complilieren:
g++ mkpasswd.c++ -o mkpasswd
gcc proccgi.c -o proccgi
Nun musst Du im CGI-BIN Verzeichniss Deines
Webservers ein Unterverzeichniss erstellen, zum Beispiel "admin". In dieses
Verzeichniss kopierst Du dann alle Dateien. Achte darauf, dass Ausführungsrecht
nur der Webserver hat!
Wenn Du mit dem Apache Webserver arbeitest,
kannst Du das Verzeichniss sehr einfach gegen unbefugt Benutzung sichern.
Editiere die Datei /etc/httpd/access.conf und erstelle dort folgenden Eintrag:
<Directory /usr/local/httpd/cgi-bin/admin>
order allow,deny
AllowOverride AuthConfig
allow from all
Options None
</Directory>
Ausserdem musst Du nun in dieses Verzeichniss
zwei Dateien kopieren/erstellen, die .htaccess und die .htpasswd. Die .htaccess
könnte in etwa so aussehen:
AuthUserFile /usr/local/httpd/.htpasswd
AuthGroupFile /dev/null
AuthName servername
AuthType Basic
<Limit GET>
require valid-user
</Limit>
Und natürlich muss auch die
.htpasswd vorhanden sein. Wenn Du eine derartige Datei nicht hast, dann
kannst Du sie sehr einfach mit dem mitgelieferten Script create_login.cgi
erstellen. Ruf es einfach über den Browser auf. Das weitere wird dann
angezeigt.
Zum Schluss musst Du natürlich den
Webserver neu starten!
Konfiguration
Als nächstes musst Du natürlich
die Konfigurationsdatei config.sh bearbeiten. Bitte editiere die
Datei unbedingt, BEVOR Du die Scripte laufen lässt. Wenn Du das nicht
tutst, kann das irreparable Schäden hervorrufen!
Dieser Parameter gibt die URL zu Deinem
cgi-bin Verzeichniss an:
CGIDIR="http://servername/cgi-bin/admin"
Das ist der reale Pfad zum cgi-bin Verzeichniss:
EXECDIR="/usr/local/httpd/cgi-bin/admin"
Das Verzeichniss, in dem Backups gespeichert
werden (Dieses sollte in regelmässigen Abständen aufgeräumt
werden, sonst quillt es über!):
BACKUPDIR="/etc/admin/backup"
Das Temp Verzeichniss für Admin CGI:
TMPDIR="/tmp"
Das Verzeichniss, das die Mailinglist Konfig-files
enthält:
LISTDIR="/etc/mail/lists"
Die Datei, die die Usernamen der Mailinglist
Members enthält (ACHTUNG! Bei mir stehen da USERNAMEN drin. Wenn es
bei Dir Emailadressen sein sollten, dann musst Du entweder das Script umschreiben
oder den Parameter MODIFY_ALL auf no setzen. Sorry):
LIST="$LISTDIR/majordomo.list"
Das Verzeichniss, aus dem diverse Konfigurationsdateien
für den neuen User in sein Home-Verzeichniss kopiert werden, z.B.
.bashrc oder .profile. Dieses Verzeichniss muss natürlich vorher erstellt
werden:
HOMEDIR="/home/default"
Die Passwort Datei. Tip: Benutze am Anfang
eine Kopie der echten Datei, sicher ist sicher!:
PASSWD="/etc/passwd"
Die Gruppen Datei
GROUP="/etc/group"
Das Programm, von dem das Parsing ausgeführt
wird, braucht normalerweise nicht verändert zu werden:
PARSE="$EXECDIR/proccgi"
Die Shadow Datei. Tip: Benutze am Anfang
eine Kopie der echten Datei, sicher ist sicher!:
SHADOW="/etc/shadow"
Die Aliases Datei, enthält mailaliases:
ALIASES="/etc/mail/aliases"
Datei, die den Userverteiler enthält,
wird von aliases referenziert. Wenn nicht vorhanden, bitte anlegen (in
aliases folgendes eintragen:
users: :include:/etc/mail/lists/users.
Dann kann man an alle User eine Mail schreiben, bei Ausfällen oder
so.):
USERS="/etc/mail/users"
Archiv User für die Mailingliste,
der soll NICHT editierbar sein:
LIST_ARCHIV="archiv"
Dieser Parameter gibt an, wann Backup
gemacht werden soll. Wenn er auf "no" eingestellt ist, dann wird das Backup
nur einmal am Tag erstellt. Ist er auf "yes" gesetzt, dann wird das Backup
jedesmal erstellt, wenn eines der Scripte läuft.
BACKUP_RUN="no"
Dieser Parameter spezifiziert, was alles
modifiziert werden soll. Ist er auf "no" gesetzt, dann werden nur passwd,
shadow und users modifiziert. Ist er auf "yes" gesetzt, dann werden zusätzlich
auch aliases und die Mailinglist-Datei modifiziert. Die betreffenden Parameter
sollten aber auch korrekt eingestellt sein, wenn man hier "no" gewählt
hat, diese Infos werden dann jedoch nur angezeigt, nicht verändert.
MODIFY_ALL="yes"
Dieser Parameter schaltet das logging ein,
bzw aus. Jede Aktion kann aufgezeichnet werden. Die Logdatei kann
man im Parameter ADMIN_LOGFILE angeben.
ADMIN_LOG="yes"
Dies ist die Location der Logdatei:
ADMIN_LOGFILE="/var/log/admin.log"
Dieser Parameter definiert die Farbe eines
Links
L_COL="\"#0000ff\""
Die Farbe eines bereits besuchten Links
VL_COL="\"#0000ff\""
Die Hintergrundfarbe aller Seiten
BG_COL="\"a0a0a0\""
Die Hintergrundfarbe aller Tabellen
TAB_COL="\"#ffffff\""
Die Farbe der Tabellen Header
HEAD_COL="\"#e0e0e0\""
Die Farbe der Tabellen Titel
TITLE_COL="\"#bbc0c0\""
Der Titel aller Seiten
TITLE="Benutzer Verwaltung Admin CGI Sample Install"
Titel der Hauptseite(display.cgi)
TAB_MAIN="Aktuell eingetragene User"
Titel der Edit Tabelle
TAB_EDIT="User bearbeiten"
Titel der Deluser Tabelle
TAB_DEL="User geloescht"
Titel der Newuser Tabelle
TAB_NEW="Neuen User erstellen"
Titel der Chpasswd Tabelle
TAB_CHPW="Passwort geaendert"
Titel der created Tabelle
TAB_CREAT="Neuen User erstellt"
Bezeichnung des Zurück-Links (nach
display.cgi)
BACK_CAPTION="Zurück"
Bezeichnung der Links im Hauptview
C_NEWUSER="Neuen User anlegen"
C_SHOWCONFIG="Konfig zeigen"
C_SHOWLIST="List Members zeigen"
C_SHOWFILES="Dateien zeigen"
C_DOCU="Dokumentation"
Ausserdem werden in config.sh diverse Funktionen
definiert, die man ggf. an seine Bedürfnisse anpassen kann:
-
HTML_START - gibt content-type, Zurück-Link
und HTML-header aus
-
HTML_END - gibt HTML-footer und Zurück-Link
aus
-
TABLE_HEAD - gibt Tabellen-header aus
-
TABLE_END - gibt Tabellen-footer aus
-
CHECK_RIGHTS - Überprüft,
ob das Programm alle angegebenen Dateien schreiben kann
-
BACKUP - überprüft, ob ein
Backup durchgeführt werden soll, wenn ja, dann ruft es die Fuktion
MAKE_BACKUP auf
-
MAKE_LOG - Erzeugt Logfile Eintrag,
wenn Logging eingeschaltet ist
-
ADMIN_LOCK - Erzeugt ein lock-file,
wird von modify.cgi und deluser.cgi aufgerufen, während sie Änderungen
an Dateien vornehmen
-
ADMIN_UNLOCK - Löscht das log-file
wieder
-
CREATE_HOME - Erzeugt ein Home-Directory
für einen neuen User
Und, wie gesagt: Ich empfehle jedem, zunächst
mit Kopien aller Dateien zu arbeiten, und das Ganze zu testen. Von mir
gibt es nämlich keinne Garantie auf Funktionstüchtigkeit! Also:
Erst testen, Dateien anschauen, und wenns OK ist, dann erst die Scripts
an die "scharfen" Dateien ranlassen!
Um im Nachhinein sehen zu können,
was mit dem Tool alles gemacht worden ist, kann man das Logfile lesen,
vorrausgesetzt, man hat Logging eingeschaltet(siehe oben). Die Datei befindet
sich in ADMIN_LOGFILE.
Benutzung
Nachdem die Installation und Konfiguration
erledigt ist, kann man das Hauptscript aufrufen:
http://servename/cgi-bin/admin/display.cgi
Nun sollte eine Tabelle mit den aktuell
eingerichteten Usern erscheinen. Momentan werden nur User mit einer
UserID hoeher als 499 angezeigt. In der naechsten Version wird das eine
Variable sein. Wenn man das trotzdem niedriger haben will, muss man die
Scripte editieren...
Man kann auf jeden User klicken und gelangt
so in das Editierfenster. Hier kann man diverse Daten bearbeiten. Das wären
hier:
-
das home-directory
-
die Loginshell
-
ob der User auf der Mailingliste stehen soll
-
die Emailadresse, an die seiine Mails geforwardet
werden sollen
Ausserdem kann man von hier aus den User löschen
und sein Passwort ändern.
Im Hauptfenster gibt es einen Link "Neuen
User erstellen", dort kann man. wie gesagt einen neuen User erstellen,
incl. Mailadresse, Mailinglist-Teilnahme usw.
Es gibt ausserdem folgende weitere Links:
-
List Members zeigen - zeigt die zur
Zeit in der Mailingliste eingetragenen User an, von hier aus kann man ebenfalls
einen User bearbeiten
-
Dateien zeigen - ist für Debugging
Zwecke bestimmt, damit werden alle beteiligten Dateien angezeigt.
-
Konfig zeigen - damit wird die Datei
config.sh angezeigt. (Achtung: Am Ende dieser Datei werden einige scheinbar
"leere" Funktionen erscheinen. Nicht beirren lassen, in diesen Funktionen
wird HTML-Code erzeugt, den der Browser leider z.T. interpretiert :-(
)
Wobei die Bezeichnung der Links allerdings
anders als hier genannt sein kann, da diese Bezeichnungen in config.sh
einstellbar sind.
Mit dem Script create_login.cgi kann man
sich einen Account für die .htpasswd erstellen. Dieses Script ist
nicht unbedingt erforderlich und braucht nicht mit installiert zu werden.
Copyright
Das Copyright für Admin CGI liegt
bei mir, Thomas Linden. Copyright für proccgi liegt bei Frank
Pilhofer . Die gesamten Scripte unterliegen der GPL und sind frei verfügbar.
Jeder darf sie modifizieren und weiterverbreiten, vorrausgesetzt, er legt
diese Copyright Notiz bei. Wenn jemand Änderungen durchführt,
dann würde ich sehr gerne per Email darüber informiert werden:
tom@daemon.de .
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
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PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE
PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and
you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way
to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute
and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices
to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source
file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and
each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to
where the full notice is found.
<one line to give
the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy
<name of author>
This program is free
software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms
of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any
later version.
This program is distributed
in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public
License for more details.
You should have received
a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program;
if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675
Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact
you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it
output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version
69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with
ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software,
and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions;
type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and
`show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.
Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w'
and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits
your program.
You should also get your employer (if you
work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer"
for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter
the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims
all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes
at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April
1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit
incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program
is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking
proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want
to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.
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